Aquatic flora surveys were conducted in the Leschenault Estuary in April 2009. This data is part of the 2013 report "Synthesis of seagrass mapping studies" conducted by the Water Science Branch of the Department of Water. Surveys were initially conducted by the WA Department of Water together with Geoscience Australia. The objective of these surveys was to collect baseline data on seagrass composition and distribution in key estuaries of southern and south-western WA. This data was acquired by the ACEAS Seagrass Group as part of the 2013 Australia-wide risk assessment of Seagrass. Surveys were conducted again 2015-2023 (February 2015, February and March 2016, February 2017, February and March 2018, February 2019, February and March 2020, February 2021, February and March 2022, and February and March 2023) by the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation as "Leschenault Estuary Seagrass Survey". The datasets making up the 2009 Leschenault Estuary seagrass survey data are: WA_Leschenault_SAV_sites - point dataset of species presence/absence and survey methodology at each site. WA_Leschenault_SAV_polygons - polygon dataset showing interpolated percentage cover in polygons derived from site points. This record provides access to the initial WA DoW surveys. See associated DWER records in Data WA catalogue for access to newer surveys at this site.

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub Research Plan 2023 project 3.7 – Identifying and overcoming barriers to coastal and marine habitat restoration and Nature based Solutions in Australia. No data outputs are planned for this project. -------------------- There is an increasing need for coastal and marine restoration around Australia to help address habitat and biodiversity loss, water quality decline, invasive species impacts, and coastal inundation and erosion; and to identify blue carbon opportunities. However, broader uptake of restoration and nature-based solutions in Australia is constrained by policy and legislative barriers, limited adoption within engineering practice, and insufficient inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in project design and delivery. This project examined barriers and opportunities for scaling marine and coastal restoration and nature-based solutions across three themes: (1) regulatory and permitting pathways; (2) engineering sector adoption, and (3) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander inclusion and co-design. The approach built on earlier work through Marine and Coastal Hub Project 1.6 (https://www.nespmarinecoastal.edu.au/project/1-6/) which identified a clear need for coordinated, landscape-scale restoration and greater support for nature-based approaches. Research reviews of approval and permitting processes were conducted in Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and South Australia, with a focus on oyster reef restoration and tidal reintroduction for wetland restoration. Consultation was undertaken with Commonwealth and state agencies, the national Wetland and Aquatic Ecosystems Task Force, restoration practitioners, non-government organisations, engineering and environmental consultancies, and Indigenous groups involved in restoration activities. Workshop and consultation findings were translated into practical guidance and framework materials for governments, practitioners and restoration proponents. These outputs provide a basis for clearer approval pathways, greater confidence in nature-based solutions within coastal engineering, and more inclusive restoration planning with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Outputs • Identifying and overcoming barriers to marine and coastal habitat restoration and nature-based solutions in Australia [project summary - written] • A blueprint for overcoming barriers to the use of nature-based coastal protection in Australia [written] • Legislative permitting processes for restoration [written] • Pathways to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander inclusion and co-design in restoration [written]

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub Research Plan 2023 project "Delineation and estimation of the Maugean skate population in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania". No public data outputs are planned for this project. -------------------- The Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) is now only found in Macquarie Harbour on Tasmania’s west coast, which has a long history of environmental degradation. The species is listed as Endangered under Commonwealth and Tasmanian legislation, and its restricted distribution, small population size, and exposure to degraded environmental conditions make population monitoring a high conservation priority. Recent research suggests that the Macquarie Harbour population may be declining. However, existing abundance estimation methods are inadequate because the species is cryptic, capture-based methods pose risks to skate health, and conventional optical surveys are limited by the harbour’s shallow, stratified, and highly turbid conditions. This project developed and tested new approaches to estimate and monitor the Maugean skate population using next-generation genetic sequencing and novel imaging technologies. Non-invasive acoustic methods (adaptive resolution imaging sonar (ARIS), synthetic aperture sonar, performed better than optical approaches (LiDAR, conventional video), under Macquarie Harbour conditions. ARIS was identified as the most suitable image-based monitoring tool for future population surveys. The genetic component generated the first reference-quality whole and mitochondrial genomes for the species and sequenced samples from 162 individuals. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses showed that the Macquarie Harbour population has very low genetic diversity, which may influence how genetic risks are interpreted in recovery planning. The project produced new monitoring methodologies, genomic reference resources, and population genetic datasets to support future monitoring of Maugean skate abundance, population structure, and genetic health. The findings will inform conservation planning and evaluation of recovery strategies including captive breeding, translocation, and long-term genetic monitoring under changing environmental conditions. Outputs • Tissue sampling results and genome-wide population genetic structure [dataset] • Final project report [written]

Snapper and King George whiting occurrence records were aggregated from the Reef Life Survey dataset, IMAS Archives, the Tassie Fish Frame Collection Program, Atlas of Living Australia and Redmap, in addition to pseudoabsences generated through space and time within the study extent, and matched to environmental covariates (sourced from Copernicus Marine) used for species distribution modelling for FRDC project 2018-070. The data described by this record contains fisher GPS information and is commercial-in-confidence. Please contact the Principal Investigator (alexia.grabalandry@utas.edu.au) or IMAS.DataManager@utas.edu.au for data access enquiries.

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub project "Advancing national standards and best practices to monitor key marine values and pressures". No data outputs were generated by this project. -------------------- Standardised approaches to marine monitoring are critical for ensuring data consistency, transparency, and comparability across time, regions, and sectors. The development and application of national standards and best practices provide the foundation for monitoring the condition of Australia’s marine estate. As pressures on the marine environment increase, so too does the need for robust, inclusive, and nationally consistent monitoring practices. This project advanced the development and implementation of national best-practice standards to monitor the condition of priority values and pressures across Australia's marine estate. It built on previous work conducted by the NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub through the release of Version 3 of the Field Manuals for Marine Sampling to Monitor Australian Waters. This version introduced three new manuals for: (1) sampling microplastics in marine and coastal environments; (2) conducting knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys with recreational marine users; and (3) use of the Benthic Observation Survey System (BOSS), a novel multi-camera drop platform for benthic imagery. Indigenous partners contributed to the development of the KAP and BOSS manuals, laying the foundation for future Indigenous-led monitoring initiatives. The project identified key barriers to adoption of the field manuals and developed a set of recommendations, included nominating the manuals for international endorsement, establishing governance mechanisms, securing long-term funding, and identifying priorities for future SOP development, such as offshore renewable energy monitoring. All materials were aligned with the Ocean Best Practices System to facilitate national and international uptake. A practical implementation plan was developed to guide the future development and maintenance of national standards; promote their broader adoption; and assess their effectiveness and impact in delivering priority monitoring activities. Outputs • Workshop and questionnaire report gauging the needs of scientists, Indigenous communities, and marine managers [written] • Scientific publication on marine best practice development [written] • New national standards for (1) drop cameras; (2) socioeconomic surveys; and (3) microplastics studies [written] • Implementation plan (final report) [written]

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub project "Mapping temperate continental shelf seabed habitats". For specific data outputs from this project, please see child records associated with this metadata. -------------------- Rocky reefs on Australia's temperate continental shelf support diverse ecological communities, including corals, sponges, mobile invertebrates, fish, and marine mammals. These habitats underpin important natural, economic, and cultural values and are subject to pressures from fishing, shipping, and climate change. Rocky reefs are key features of many Australian Marine Parks (AMPs), and improving knowledge of their extent and condition is essential for effective management and evaluation of conservation outcomes - particularly in offshore areas where seafloor habitat data is limited. This project addressed knowledge gaps on the extent and distribution of seabed habitats by focusing on rocky reef systems within the South-west and South-east Marine Parks Networks. It built on previous research from the NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub by collating and analysing existing seafloor data, and deploying drop cameras at priority sites (selected in consultation with Parks Australia and other end-users) to validate seafloor habitat extent and type. This new survey data was incorporated with newly developed data workflows to generate ecosystem models of reef and soft sediments, and broad-scale ecosystem classes - with a focus on workflows enabling rapid update of products and ensuring consistency across mapping outputs. These data products directly support NESP Marine and Coastal Hub Project 2.3 (Improving knowledge transfer for AMP management). The project team worked with Indigenous Rangers and organisations in the South-west region to identify opportunities for collaboration, incorporate cultural knowledge into research design, and support knowledge exchange through field-based activities and on-country engagement. The project aimed to strengthen both established and emerging relationships, building on existing collaborations between University of Western Australia (UWA) researchers and the Esperance Tjaltjraak Native Title Aboriginal Corporation (ETNTAC) on complementary projects. UWA had also previously partnered with the South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council (SWALSC), in consultation with the South West Boojarah (now Karri Karrak) and the Undalup Association, to support cultural mapping and biodiversity surveys under the NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub. These partnerships informed the project’s cultural engagement approach and laid the groundwork for ongoing collaboration. Outcomes of this work included improved capacity for AMP managers to identify and monitor rocky reef habitats and key natural values, assess management effectiveness, and support initiatives such as marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based fisheries management, and contribute to emerging frameworks such as ocean accounting. It also helped to guide the targeting of future surveys, particularly in ecosystems with high conservation value. Outputs • Seafloor imagery and annotations [dataset] • Predicted 'ecosystem component' habitat maps for the temperate continental shelf [dataset] • Predicted reef and sediment extent map for the temperate continental shelf [dataset] • Final technical report [written]

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub Research Plan 2023 project "Exploring the distribution and ecological value of seagrass at the Furneaux Islands, Tasmania". For specific data outputs from this project, please see child records associated with this metadata. -------------------- Seagrass meadows are a dominant marine ecosystem of Tayaritja (the Furneaux Group of Islands) in north-eastern Tasmania. Historical coarse-scale mapping indicated extensive beds of Posidonia, Amphibolis, Heterozostera and Zostera, with the Posidonia and Amphibiolis beds being potentially some of the largest and deepest extents in temperate Australian waters. These habitats provide ecological, social, cultural and economic values, including habitat for fish and for maireener shells used by Pakana people for traditional necklace making. This project worked in partnership with the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (TAC) to improve knowledge of seagrass extent, composition, population structure, ecological condition and blue carbon value around Tayaritja. Existing data were collated to guide survey design for mapping, and high-resolution satellite remote sensing was used to map seagrass beds down to a depth of approximately 30 metres, including intertidal lagoon systems associated with the Logan Lagoon Ramsar site. Field surveys, including video observations and rhizome coring, were used to validate satellite-derived maps and collect ecological samples. Outputs from this project include spatial layers of seagrass extent, variability and species composition, classified using the Seamap Australia National Benthic Habitat Classification Scheme. Rhizome samples were used to assess blue carbon storage, genetic connectivity and diversity, population structure, reproductive strategies, and relationships between seagrass, animal and microbial communities in shallow waters. The project developed new standards-based approaches for collecting, analysing, managing and reporting seagrass data, alongside training and guidance for the TAC land and sea management team and Pakana Rangers. The resulting methods and datasets will support Indigenous-led monitoring and management of the proposed Tayaritja Sea Country Indigenous Protected Area (IPA), and improve understanding of wetland values relevant to Ramsar reporting and future blue carbon opportunities. Outputs • Seagrass extent and composition map for Furneaux group [dataset] • Seagrass imagery and associated seafloor annotations [dataset] • Final project report [written]

Repeat surveys of aquatic flora were conducted in Princess Royal Harbour in 1996, 2003, 2005 and 2006. This data is part of the 2013 report "Synthesis of seagrass mapping studies" conducted by the Water Science Branch of the Department of Water. Surveys were initially conducted by the WA Department of Water. The objectives of the study were to map the distribution of the different seagrass species found in Princess Royal Harbour and Oyster Harbour and to compare the distributions with that observed in previous studies (1996 and 2003). This data was acquired by the ACEAS Seagrass Group as part of the 2013 Australia-wide risk assessment of Seagrass. Surveys were conducted again in January and March 2021 by the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation as "Princess Royal Harbour Seagrass Survey". The datasets making up the 1996-2006 Princess Royal Harbour seagrass survey data are: WA_PrincessRoyal_seagrass_polygons - polygon dataset showing interpolated percentage cover of seagrass. This record provides access to the initial WA DoW surveys. See associated DWER records in Data WA catalogue for access to newer surveys at this site.

This record provides an overview of the NESP Marine and Coastal Hub Research Plan 2023 project "Guiding the sustainable development of offshore renewables and other emerging marine industries in Australia". For specific data outputs from this project, please see child records associated with this metadata. -------------------- Australia is entering a phase of rapid offshore renewable energy development, particularly offshore wind, with priority areas identified across the western, southern and eastern coasts. Regulatory assessment under the EPBC Act and Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act requires accessible environmental, cultural and monitoring information to support socially and ecologically sustainable development. This project established inventories of existing environmental and cultural data, best-practice monitoring standards, and impact-related literature for continental shelf waters associated with Australia’s six priority offshore wind regions: Hunter and Illawarra, Gippsland, Southern Ocean, Bass Strait, and the Indian Ocean off Bunbury. The process was guided by an Offshore Renewable Energy Program Steering Committee with representatives from DCCEEW, NOPSEMA and Marine and Coastal Hub partners. The work ran in parallel with a related NESP Marine and Coastal Hub project (https://www.nespmarinecoastal.edu.au/project/3-21) focused on the confirmed area of declaration for ORE off the east Gippsland coast, Victoria. Together, both projects were guided by an Offshore Renewable Energy Program Steering Committee comprising representatives from DCCEEW, NOPSEMA and Marine and Coastal Hub partners. Focus areas of the data inventory were: • Seabed geomorphology, bathymetry, sedimentology, and habitat characterisation; • Oceanographic features and coastal processes; • Priority threatened, migratory, and marine species and habitats; • Potential impacts during installation, operation, and decommissioning; • Indigenous communities and cultural values affected by ORE development areas; • Monitoring needs and associated best practices. Project outputs included four database inventories with more than 500 publications across 16 impact types, seabed and oceanographic information, and tabulated summaries and mapped extents of priority species relevant to ORE assessment. The compiled data inventories identified major data and management gaps, including limited high-resolution bathymetry, geomorphology and biological survey data; inconsistent data acquisition standards; limited FAIR access to threatened species data; and the need for coordinated research investment and early Traditional Owner engagement. Outputs from the project will support environmental assessment, mitigation and monitoring of offshore wind impacts, standardisation of data collection methodologies, cumulative impact assessment, and regulatory decision-making under the EPBC and OEI Acts. Outputs • Inventory of existing information and associated sources for the following thematic areas: seabed geomorphology and habitat, oceanography, species and habitats, affected indigenous communities, ongoing monitoring needs and associated best practices, potential impacts of installation and operation [data inventories] • Final project report [written]

Aquatic flora surveys of the Hardy Inlet were conducted from the top of Molloy Island and the Scott River Basin to the mouth of the Inlet. Surveys were initially conducted in 2008 by Murdoch University’s Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory (MAFRL) and forms part of the 2013 report "Synthesis of seagrass mapping studies" conducted by the Water Science Branch of the Department of Water. This data was acquired by the ACEAS Seagrass Group as part of the 2013 Australia-wide risk assessment of Seagrass. Surveys were conducted again in 2018, 2020 & 2023 by the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation as "Hardy Inlet Seagrass Survey". The datasets making up the 2008 Hardy Inlet seagrass survey data are: WA_MAFRL_Hardy_seagrass_polygons - polygon dataset showing interpolated percentage cover of Ruppia spp. This record provides access to the initial MAFRL surveys. See associated DWER records in Data WA catalogue for access to newer surveys at this site.