Diatom-Antarctic krill metal trophic transfer experiment
These data were collected in 2024 for a PhD project, including the dissolved trace metal data and particulate trace metal data from the diatom-Antarctic krill experiment. The particulate trace metal data were collected from diatom culture grown in the lab and Antarctic krill culture sourced from AAD.
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Publication)
- 2025-07-07T00:00:00
Identifier
- Title
- Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
- Citation identifier
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ISO 26324:2012
- Code
- 10.25959/f8vt-vz37
- Codespace
- doi.org
- Description
- Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Resource provider
Principal investigator
Collaborator
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
Point of contact
- Topic category
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- Biota
Extent
Temporal extent
- Time period
- 2024-05-01 2025-05-01
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Not planned
- Keywords (Theme)
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- Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
- Environmental impact assessment
- Metal Bioaccumulation
- Metal Biomagnification
- Keywords (Taxon)
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- Euphausia superba
- Chaetoceros neogracilis
- Global Change Master Directory Earth Science Keywords, Version 8.5
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- Data, products and services from IMAS are provided "as is" without any warranty as to fitness for a particular purpose.
Resource constraints
- Linkage
-
https://licensebuttons.net/l/by/4.0/88x31.png
License Graphic
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
- Website
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License Text
- Other constraints
- Bach, L., & Bach, L. (2025). Diatom-Antarctic krill metal trophic transfer experiment [Data set]. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. https://doi.org/10.25959/F8VT-VZ37
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Content Information
- Content type
- Physical measurement
Identifier
- Code
- Measurement sequence
- Name
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Measurement sequence
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
- Name
- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Code
- Teflon label: the label of the samples stored in Teflon bottle
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Teflon label
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
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- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Code
- Dilution fold
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Dilution
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
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- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Code
- Treatment
- Name
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Treatment name (C means control; S means slag treatment)
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
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- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Code
- Oxalate wash: No means oxalate wash was not used; Yes means oxalate wash was used.
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Oxalate
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
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- Dimensionless
Identifier
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- Particulate carbon concentration in filtered samples (100mL seawater was filtered)
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Carbon.content (ug/100mL)
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UGPL
- Name
- Micrograms per litre
Identifier
- Code
- Particulate carbon concentration (krill faeces sample)
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Carbon value (ug)
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- microgram
Identifier
- Code
- Particulate carbon concentration normalised to dry weigtht of krill faeces sample
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Carbon content (ug/ug)
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
- Name
- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Name
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Dry weight estimate (mg)
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- Milligram
Identifier
- Code
- The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII
- Name
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Fv/Fm
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
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- Dimensionless
Identifier
- Code
- Growth rate of diatom
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Growth rate
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- day^(−1)
Identifier
- Code
- Dissolved metal concentration
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The metal concentration here means the dissolved metal concentration in the final sample which included the seawater sample and digested particulate sample
- Identifier
- http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UGPL
- Name
- Micrograms per litre
Distribution Information
- Distribution format
-
-
CSV
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CSV
Resource lineage
- Statement
- Dissolved seawater sample analysis Aquil media and the krill culture seawater were filtered through acid-washed 0.2 μm PC filters and then collected in pre-acid-washed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles. These samples were acidified using ultrapure HNO3 to 1% concentration and then stored at room temperature. Samples acidified for more than 30 days were analysed using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS, Element 2, Thermo Fisher, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania. Samples were diluted (20x) prior to direct analysis, with multiple spectral resolutions employed to overcome major spectral interferences (Guo et al. 2024). Considering that Southern Ocean seawater has very low trace metals, usually on the nanomolar level (Boye et al. 2012; Latour et al. 2024), we used natural Southern Ocean seawater as the blank for estimating the trace metal concentrations in our samples. The natural Southern Ocean seawater was sampled near 61.88 °S 113.28 °E at 15 m depth. The seawater blank was acidified and diluted following the same procedure as the other seawater samples. Those samples with metal concentrations below the Southern Ocean seawater blank, in other words below the detection limit, were not included in the calculation of bioaccumulation factors. Particulate sample collection Diatom cultures of 100 mL were filtered through acid-cleaned PC filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 µm pore size, Sterlitech) placed in an acid-cleaned polypropylene filter holder on a trace metal-clean bench. These filters were rinsed 10 times (1.5 mL aliquots) with chelexed sodium chloride solution (0.6 mol L-1 with 2.38 mmol L-1 of HCO3-, pH=8.2). To get the intracellular trace metal concentrations, duplicate filters were washed twice (8 min total) with the EDTA-oxalate reagent (1.4 mL) and rinsed 10 times (1.5 mL aliquots) with chelexed NaCl solution (0.6 mol L-1 with 2.38 mmol L-1 of HCO3-, pH=8.2) (Tang and Morel 2006; Tovar-Sanchez et al. 2003). Faeces of Antarctic krill were collected on day 13, 4-5 h after the feed. The faeces were collected using acid-washed polyethylene pipettes and then filtered on PC filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 µm pore size) using the same method as collecting the diatom culture. Filters with faeces were rinsed with 1.5 mL of MilliQ water and then dried at 60℃ overnight. The PC filters together with the PC petri dishes (10% HCl acid-washed) used to collect faeces were weighed before and after sample collection to obtain a sample dry weight (Mettler-Toledo, Model: MA104E, 0.1 mg readability). All PC filters were stored in acid-cleaned PC petri dishes at -20 °C until analysis. At the end of the experiment (day 14), Antarctic krill were collected 6 hours after they were fed by using a small nylon net. Antarctic krill were kept in trace metal clean polypropylene tubes and stored in a -80 ℃ freezer until analysis. Each Antarctic krill was dissected into (1) muscle (from the 5th and 6th abdominal segment only and excluding hind gut), (2) digestive gland and stomach, (3) exoskeleton (abdominal and carapace), and (4) the remaining krill material. Each dissected component was stored in trace metal clean Teflon perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) vials with loose lids and then dried in a closed plastic desiccator in an oven at 60 ℃. Particulate sample acid digestion and measurement The diatom culture, faeces, and all dissected krill parts were acid-digested following Bowie et al. (2010). Briefly, all samples and triplicate certified reference materials plankton standards (CRMs, BCR-414) (~50 mg/vial) were digested in a mixture of strong concentrated ultrapure acids (750 µL 12 mol L-1 HCl, 250 µL 40 % HF, 250 µL 14 mol L-1 HNO3) in 15 mL Teflon perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) vials on a 120 ℃ hot plate for 24 h. They were then dry evaporated for 4 h and re-suspended in 10 % (v/v) ultrapure HNO3. These vials were heated at 95 ℃ for 2-3 hours then cooled to room temperature before transferring to polypropylene vials. Samples were analysed using SF-ICP-MS. All prepared solutions had indium as an internal standard added to a final concentration of 10 µg L-1. Three pre-mixed multi-element standard solutions (MISA) were prepared as external calibration standards. Particulate samples, blanks and CRMs were diluted 5-100 fold according to their sample type and weight. Samples with metal concentrations below the detection limit were not included in calculating the average particulate metal concentration, bioaccumulation factors and biomagnification factors. Wild krill data collection To assess the difference between Antarctic krill collected from the field and those kept long term in laboratory cultures at the AAD , we compared the data from this study with those from previous voyages. Here we included metal concentrations of wild Antarctic krill harvested from previous research voyages in 2003, 2012 and 2015 in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (Ratnarajah et al. 2016). Please note that the Fe data was published in Ratnarajah et al. (2016), and this is the first time all other elements from the same samples are published here. The dissecting methods used on our lab krill were comparable to those used in the wild krill study, and the details of sample digestions are described in Ratnarajah et al. (2016). The comparison between these datasets provides deeper understanding of whether the cultured Antarctic krill already had substantially different trace metal concentrations than the wild ones before treatments, and it also enabled the evaluation of the range of metal accumulation effects in Antarctic krill. Carbon content analysis The same protocol was applied to filter-collect total particulate carbon samples from diatom cultures and faeces. Glass fibre filters (Whatman GF/F, pore size =0.7 µm, diameter =13 mm) were pre-combusted at 400 ℃ for 6 h. All particulate carbon samples were collected on filters then stored at -20 ℃ before measurement. For Antarctic krill, three individuals from the same culture batch from the AAD were dried in a desiccator in an oven at 60 ℃ then ground to three homogenised powder samples. Finally, filters and krill powders were weighed, folded into tin cups and stored in a desiccator until analysis. Samples were analysed for carbon with a Thermo Finnigan EA 1112 Series Flash Elemental Analyser (CSL, University of Tasmania). Particulate trace metal values were normalized by the corresponding particulate carbon concentration to calculate metal/C concentrations (unit: μmol/mol C). Calculation of bioconcentration and biomagnification factor Bioaccumulation refers to the accumulation of metals in biological tissues in aquatic organisms from the environment, and biomagnification refers to the tendency of metals to concentrate as they move from one trophic level to the next trophic level (Wang and Fisher 1999). To assess how much metal was accumulated in the organisms from seawater or media, the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were modified from Arnot and Gobas (2006), and calculated as: BAF=CONbio/CONen , where CONbio is the concentration of metal in an organism (μmol/mol C) and CONen is the concentration of dissolved metal in the seawater (μmol/L). The unit of BAF here is L/mol C. The organism metal concentration here includes both intracellular C. neogracilis and Antarctic krill particulate metal concentrations. The biomagnification factor (BMF) was calculated to assess how much metal accumulated in krill compared with the diatom feed: BMF = CONk/CONd , where CONk is the metal concentration in Antarctic krill (μmol/mol C), and CONd is the total metal concentration in C. neogracilis (μmol/mol C). The unit of BMF here is dimensionless. A BMF ratio greater than 1 means biomagnification is occurring.
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
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urn:uuid/d605ce48-daf5-4f7d-a744-ff90c3b1c0fb
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Name
- IMAS Dataset level record
- Metadata linkage
-
https://metadata.imas.utas.edu.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d605ce48-daf5-4f7d-a744-ff90c3b1c0fb
Point of truth URL of this metadata record
- Date info (Creation)
- 2025-07-03T00:00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2025-07-07T23:34:40
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-3:2018
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