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Diatom-Antarctic krill metal trophic transfer experiment

These data were collected in 2024 for a PhD project, including the dissolved trace metal data and particulate trace metal data from the diatom-Antarctic krill experiment. The particulate trace metal data were collected from diatom culture grown in the lab and Antarctic krill culture sourced from AAD.

Simple

Identification info

Date (Publication)
2025-07-07T00:00:00

Identifier

Title
Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
Citation identifier
ISO 26324:2012

Code
10.25959/f8vt-vz37
Codespace
doi.org
Description
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Resource provider

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies
Private Bag 129
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia

Principal investigator

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - Guo, Jiaying
University of Tasmania
Tasmania
Australia
ROR ID >

ORCID >

Collaborator

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - Bach, Lennart
University of Tasmania
Tasmania
Australia
ROR ID >

ORCID >

Status
Completed

Point of contact

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - Guo, Jiaying
University of Tasmania
Tasmania
Australia
ROR ID >

ORCID >

Point of contact

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - Bach, Lennart
University of Tasmania
Tasmania
Australia
ROR ID >

ORCID >

Topic category
  • Biota

Extent

Temporal extent

Time period
2024-05-01 2025-05-01
Maintenance and update frequency
Not planned
Keywords (Theme)
  • Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
  • Environmental impact assessment
  • Metal Bioaccumulation
  • Metal Biomagnification
Keywords (Taxon)
  • Euphausia superba
  • Chaetoceros neogracilis
Global Change Master Directory Earth Science Keywords, Version 8.5
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • MARINE BIOLOGY
  • ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC): Fields of Research
  • Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
  • Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)

Resource constraints

Use limitation
Data, products and services from IMAS are provided "as is" without any warranty as to fitness for a particular purpose.

Resource constraints

Linkage
https://licensebuttons.net/l/by/4.0/88x31.png

License Graphic

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
4.0


>

Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

License Text

Other constraints
Bach, L., & Bach, L. (2025). Diatom-Antarctic krill metal trophic transfer experiment [Data set]. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. https://doi.org/10.25959/F8VT-VZ37
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Content Information

Content type
Physical measurement

Identifier

Code
Measurement sequence
Name
Measurement sequence

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Teflon label: the label of the samples stored in Teflon bottle
Name
Teflon label

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Dilution fold
Name
Dilution

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Treatment
Name
Treatment name (C means control; S means slag treatment)

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Oxalate wash: No means oxalate wash was not used; Yes means oxalate wash was used.
Name
Oxalate

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Particulate carbon concentration in filtered samples (100mL seawater was filtered)
Name
Carbon.content (ug/100mL)

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UGPL
Name
Micrograms per litre

Identifier

Code
Particulate carbon concentration (krill faeces sample)
Name
Carbon value (ug)

Name
microgram

Identifier

Code
Particulate carbon concentration normalised to dry weigtht of krill faeces sample
Name
Carbon content (ug/ug)

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Dry weight biomass per unit volume of the water body
Name
Dry weight estimate (mg)

Name
Milligram

Identifier

Code
The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII
Name
Fv/Fm

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UUUU
Name
Dimensionless

Identifier

Code
Growth rate of diatom
Name
Growth rate

Name
day^(−1)

Identifier

Code
Dissolved metal concentration
Name
The metal concentration here means the dissolved metal concentration in the final sample which included the seawater sample and digested particulate sample

Identifier
http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UGPL
Name
Micrograms per litre

Distribution Information

Distribution format
  • CSV

OnLine resource
DATA DOWNLOAD - <Collection of datasets from the experiement > (<50kb + CSV)

Resource lineage

Statement
Dissolved seawater sample analysis Aquil media and the krill culture seawater were filtered through acid-washed 0.2 μm PC filters and then collected in pre-acid-washed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles. These samples were acidified using ultrapure HNO3 to 1% concentration and then stored at room temperature. Samples acidified for more than 30 days were analysed using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS, Element 2, Thermo Fisher, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania. Samples were diluted (20x) prior to direct analysis, with multiple spectral resolutions employed to overcome major spectral interferences (Guo et al. 2024). Considering that Southern Ocean seawater has very low trace metals, usually on the nanomolar level (Boye et al. 2012; Latour et al. 2024), we used natural Southern Ocean seawater as the blank for estimating the trace metal concentrations in our samples. The natural Southern Ocean seawater was sampled near 61.88 °S 113.28 °E at 15 m depth. The seawater blank was acidified and diluted following the same procedure as the other seawater samples. Those samples with metal concentrations below the Southern Ocean seawater blank, in other words below the detection limit, were not included in the calculation of bioaccumulation factors. Particulate sample collection Diatom cultures of 100 mL were filtered through acid-cleaned PC filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 µm pore size, Sterlitech) placed in an acid-cleaned polypropylene filter holder on a trace metal-clean bench. These filters were rinsed 10 times (1.5 mL aliquots) with chelexed sodium chloride solution (0.6 mol L-1 with 2.38 mmol L-1 of HCO3-, pH=8.2). To get the intracellular trace metal concentrations, duplicate filters were washed twice (8 min total) with the EDTA-oxalate reagent (1.4 mL) and rinsed 10 times (1.5 mL aliquots) with chelexed NaCl solution (0.6 mol L-1 with 2.38 mmol L-1 of HCO3-, pH=8.2) (Tang and Morel 2006; Tovar-Sanchez et al. 2003). Faeces of Antarctic krill were collected on day 13, 4-5 h after the feed. The faeces were collected using acid-washed polyethylene pipettes and then filtered on PC filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 µm pore size) using the same method as collecting the diatom culture. Filters with faeces were rinsed with 1.5 mL of MilliQ water and then dried at 60℃ overnight. The PC filters together with the PC petri dishes (10% HCl acid-washed) used to collect faeces were weighed before and after sample collection to obtain a sample dry weight (Mettler-Toledo, Model: MA104E, 0.1 mg readability). All PC filters were stored in acid-cleaned PC petri dishes at -20 °C until analysis. At the end of the experiment (day 14), Antarctic krill were collected 6 hours after they were fed by using a small nylon net. Antarctic krill were kept in trace metal clean polypropylene tubes and stored in a -80 ℃ freezer until analysis. Each Antarctic krill was dissected into (1) muscle (from the 5th and 6th abdominal segment only and excluding hind gut), (2) digestive gland and stomach, (3) exoskeleton (abdominal and carapace), and (4) the remaining krill material. Each dissected component was stored in trace metal clean Teflon perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) vials with loose lids and then dried in a closed plastic desiccator in an oven at 60 ℃. Particulate sample acid digestion and measurement The diatom culture, faeces, and all dissected krill parts were acid-digested following Bowie et al. (2010). Briefly, all samples and triplicate certified reference materials plankton standards (CRMs, BCR-414) (~50 mg/vial) were digested in a mixture of strong concentrated ultrapure acids (750 µL 12 mol L-1 HCl, 250 µL 40 % HF, 250 µL 14 mol L-1 HNO3) in 15 mL Teflon perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) vials on a 120 ℃ hot plate for 24 h. They were then dry evaporated for 4 h and re-suspended in 10 % (v/v) ultrapure HNO3. These vials were heated at 95 ℃ for 2-3 hours then cooled to room temperature before transferring to polypropylene vials. Samples were analysed using SF-ICP-MS. All prepared solutions had indium as an internal standard added to a final concentration of 10 µg L-1. Three pre-mixed multi-element standard solutions (MISA) were prepared as external calibration standards. Particulate samples, blanks and CRMs were diluted 5-100 fold according to their sample type and weight. Samples with metal concentrations below the detection limit were not included in calculating the average particulate metal concentration, bioaccumulation factors and biomagnification factors. Wild krill data collection To assess the difference between Antarctic krill collected from the field and those kept long term in laboratory cultures at the AAD , we compared the data from this study with those from previous voyages. Here we included metal concentrations of wild Antarctic krill harvested from previous research voyages in 2003, 2012 and 2015 in Prydz Bay, Antarctica (Ratnarajah et al. 2016). Please note that the Fe data was published in Ratnarajah et al. (2016), and this is the first time all other elements from the same samples are published here. The dissecting methods used on our lab krill were comparable to those used in the wild krill study, and the details of sample digestions are described in Ratnarajah et al. (2016). The comparison between these datasets provides deeper understanding of whether the cultured Antarctic krill already had substantially different trace metal concentrations than the wild ones before treatments, and it also enabled the evaluation of the range of metal accumulation effects in Antarctic krill. Carbon content analysis The same protocol was applied to filter-collect total particulate carbon samples from diatom cultures and faeces. Glass fibre filters (Whatman GF/F, pore size =0.7 µm, diameter =13 mm) were pre-combusted at 400 ℃ for 6 h. All particulate carbon samples were collected on filters then stored at -20 ℃ before measurement. For Antarctic krill, three individuals from the same culture batch from the AAD were dried in a desiccator in an oven at 60 ℃ then ground to three homogenised powder samples. Finally, filters and krill powders were weighed, folded into tin cups and stored in a desiccator until analysis. Samples were analysed for carbon with a Thermo Finnigan EA 1112 Series Flash Elemental Analyser (CSL, University of Tasmania). Particulate trace metal values were normalized by the corresponding particulate carbon concentration to calculate metal/C concentrations (unit: μmol/mol C). Calculation of bioconcentration and biomagnification factor Bioaccumulation refers to the accumulation of metals in biological tissues in aquatic organisms from the environment, and biomagnification refers to the tendency of metals to concentrate as they move from one trophic level to the next trophic level (Wang and Fisher 1999). To assess how much metal was accumulated in the organisms from seawater or media, the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were modified from Arnot and Gobas (2006), and calculated as: BAF=CONbio/CONen , where CONbio is the concentration of metal in an organism (μmol/mol C) and CONen is the concentration of dissolved metal in the seawater (μmol/L). The unit of BAF here is L/mol C. The organism metal concentration here includes both intracellular C. neogracilis and Antarctic krill particulate metal concentrations. The biomagnification factor (BMF) was calculated to assess how much metal accumulated in krill compared with the diatom feed: BMF = CONk/CONd , where CONk is the metal concentration in Antarctic krill (μmol/mol C), and CONd is the total metal concentration in C. neogracilis (μmol/mol C). The unit of BMF here is dimensionless. A BMF ratio greater than 1 means biomagnification is occurring.
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Hierarchy level
Dataset

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/d605ce48-daf5-4f7d-a744-ff90c3b1c0fb

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distributor

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies - (IMAS Data Manager)
IMAS website >

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Name
IMAS Dataset level record
Metadata linkage
https://metadata.imas.utas.edu.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d605ce48-daf5-4f7d-a744-ff90c3b1c0fb

Point of truth URL of this metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2025-07-03T00:00:00
Date info (Revision)
2025-07-07T23:34:40

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-3:2018
 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

Keywords

Environmental impact assessment Metal Bioaccumulation Metal Biomagnification Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC): Fields of Research
Ecological Impacts of Climate Change Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
Global Change Master Directory Earth Science Keywords, Version 8.5
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS MARINE BIOLOGY

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